What is Menopause?

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life that marks the end of her menstrual cycles and fertility. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 50 and is diagnosed after 12 months without a menstrual period. While some women experience menopause without major issues, many encounter symptoms due to hormonal fluctuations, which can significantly impact daily life.

Common Menopause Symptoms

Some symptoms of menopause include:

• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Mood changes and irritability
• Tiredness and trouble sleeping
• Weight gain and slower metabolism
• Vaginal dryness and atrophy
• Irregular periods with varying flow
• Thinning hair and dry skin
• Osteoporosis, which increases the risk of fractures

Menopause symptoms vary among women. Pregnancy is still possible during perimenopause, so if you miss periods and are unsure, consider taking a pregnancy test and consulting a doctor.

Causes of Menopause

Menopause results from changes in hormone levels, particularly a decrease in estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for menstrual regulation and fertility. These hormonal shifts stem from a reduction in the ovarian follicles that release eggs.

Post-Menopause

After menopause, symptoms like hot flashes may diminish, though others, such as vaginal dryness, can persist. This stage is also marked by increased risk factors for osteoporosis and heart disease due to reduced estrogen levels.

Conventional Treatments for Menopause

1. Hormone Therapy: Estrogen therapy is effective for managing symptoms but may have risks, including cardiovascular issues and breast cancer.
2. Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, like SSRIs, can reduce hot flashes.
3. Osteoporosis Medication: Specific medications help prevent or treat osteoporosis.
4. Vaginal Lubricants: Lubricants can relieve vaginal dryness.